Author's note : mom the sharp-shooter -- Introduction : when good citizenship is armed citizenship -- "That great law of nature" : the origins of a selective self-defense culture -- Defensive violence and the "true man" : the end of reconstruction and the duty to retreat -- "A mighty power in the hands of the citizen" : justice and true manhood in the western borderlands -- "Queer justice" and the sexual politics of lynching -- "An American tradition" : the black paramilitary response to white supremacist terror and unequal protection -- "The stuff of pulp fiction" : unreasonable women, vigilante heroes, and the rise of the armed citizen -- Avoiding a "a fate worse than death" : how we learned to stand our ground -- Conclusion : Kill or be killed - an American mantra.