Publisher's Weekly Review
Reed's account of his troubled youth, written in the 19th century but never before published, provides a fascinating look into the prison system of antebellum America. Reed is six years old when his father dies. Shortly after, Reed tries to murder the farmer he is indentured to and burns down the man's house. This leads to a sentence-sometime, it is believed, in the 1850s-at the nation's first reformatory, the recently opened New York House of Refuge. Once there, his life becomes a succession of escapes and brutal whippings. After a final escape, Reed enjoys a picaresque series of adventures as a bartender and then as a manservant to a pair of traveling gamblers, after which he rejoins his troubled family. Further criminal escapades lead to his imprisonment in Auburn State Prison and a new cycle of abuse. Reed's manuscript was completely unknown before it came to light at an estate sale in the early 2000s. Historical research has identified the author, but little has been discovered about his life. Yet the book stands on its own as a remarkable accomplishment for a poorly educated convict. Drawing upon various contemporary literary styles, Reed fashioned a personal and moving, albeit uneven, story of underclass struggle before the Civil War. The editors emphasize the tradition of African-American slave and prison literature, but Reed rejects ethnic identification, and his greatest praise is reserved for his Irish fellow inmates and their families. Reed's protean nature makes this book a remarkable discovery. Agent, Wendy Strothman, Strothman Agency. (Jan.) © Copyright PWxyz, LLC. All rights reserved.
Kirkus Review
An obscure, newly unearthed 19th-century memoir details the prison life of an African-American inmate. Discovered at an estate sale by a rare book dealer and authenticated by a Yale curating team, Reed's handwritten, hand-sewn manuscript dated 1858 is now duly recognized with publication in its entirety. A lengthy discussion provided by the book's editor, Caleb Smith, supplies vital details on the lengths taken to authenticate the document's history and its genesis as the first-known penitentiary narrative by an African-American writer. Smith pieces together Reed's life through prison records and varied archival sources to establish a complementary preface to the author's narrative self-portrait. Written for public consumption, Reed's lyrical, dramatic prose describes his incremental descent into the New York penal system and a life in legal captivity, by way of a rebellious youth tarnished by the death of his father and a cursory upbringing by a struggling, widowed mother who sent him to work on a farm at a young age. This is the first of three stories of imprisonment Reed depicts. Defiant and uncooperative, he writes of being severely beaten by the farmer, who then met his demise during a revenge plot, which landed the author in the New York House of Refuge reformatory, his second confinement, at 12. Reed toiled and received an education but remained defiant, as evidenced by a botched escape attempt with other inmates. Returning to the clutches of sadistic constables, the author describes their corporal punishments in feverish detail. A repetitive pattern of larcenies and thefts earned him subsequent sentences served at the Auburn state penitentiary during the unreformed antebellum years; Reed endured frequent episodes of dehumanizing punishment. "Rendered with a haunting eloquence," much of the memoir's allure is derived from Reed's poetic, lyrical, passionate voice. A moving, significant narrative that affords both an elegantly produced glimpse of 19th-century prison life and a new chapter in African-American history through a convict's eyes. Copyright Kirkus Reviews, used with permission.
Library Journal Review
Although written more than 100 years ago, this work is appearing in print for the first time. Reed was a free African American in New York State who spent most of his youth and early adulthood, from the 1830s through the 1860s, in reformatories and prisons. His story was lost and unknown until the manuscript turned up at auction in 2009. This candid and stirring autobiography provides an intimate look at the cruel and violent world of crime and punishment in the 19th century. Reed is honest in his description of the helplessness he felt as an indentured servant and the anger and frustration that led to multiple convictions for larceny and arson. Editor Smith (The Prison and the American Imagination) preserves the character of Reed's direct but unpolished prose. Smith's introduction places Reed's story in context, providing a helpful overview of the penal system in which Reed spent most of his life and describing the process undertaken to authenticate the manuscript when it finally came to light. VERDICT Reed's unique story is highly recommended to anyone interested in African American history or the history of crime and punishment in the United States.-Nicholas Graham, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill © Copyright 2016. Library Journals LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Media Source, Inc. No redistribution permitted.
Excerpts
Chapter I The bright sun was just a shining into the window of my father cottage when I was called by the voice of a female to come and take the last look of my dying father. I was then at the age of six. After taking the last look of the dying man, I turned from the dying scene, leaving the angel of death to finish the last and awful work: but oh, who could describe the feelings of my boyish heart, when I saw my father laid cold and lifeless in the coffin? Then, that was the hour when all the fond recollection of my dying father came rushing in my mind. His last look, his last dying advice, i.e., his last prayer and his last blessing, that I might be kept from all the snares and temptations of the world, and that I might grow up and become a useful man, that I might be a help meet to my mother when she should be bowing down beneath the weight of old age. How often in my boyish days, when the bright sun was just about to sink beneath the mountain tops, and the night hawks a hovering over my head, have I stolen away from the cottage and from the side of my mother, and gone and sat for hours at the grave of my beloved father, all unnoticed to him, and there wept like an infant. How fresh does the dying scene yet impress upon my memory, although my father has now been dead for nearly twenty years, and in yonder's old grave yard in the city of Rochester lies the cold remains of my father, moldering away to dust.1 While the feet of the traveler has trampled o'er his grave, unmind of who the slumber is that lies beneath his feet, the cold winter winds are howling and playing o'er his grave, yet there he lays, unmindful of those northern blasts that comes whistling o'er his tomb. Chapter II No sooner had the cold clods covered the remains of my father before I forgot his last blessing and dying prayer with all of his advice. I soon broke through the restraints of my mother and fell a victim to vice and crime. 'Twas a beautiful summer's morning that my mother put fifty cents into my hand and bade me to go to the grocery and get her four pounds of sugar. I took the fifty cents and went off to the bank and got it change all into coppers. I then steered my way behind an old barn where a lot of boys was pitching pennies. I fell into the game with them and soon found that they both was pitching against me. I left their company, and being the winner of three cents I then went to the grocery and bought the sugar and returned home. As I entered the door my mother ask me if I had been making that sugar. She order me to be seated in one corner of the room and not to leave the House again during the day. While she went out to the well to draw a pail of water, I slip out of the back door and made my way to the city, a loitering round the street until night overtook me. I then steered my way for Home. The dim light of a candle was burning in the House. I crept softly under the window, and there I laid a listening and shivering with fear of an awful punishment the moment I entered the room. As I laid there under the window, I could hear my mother talking to my brothers and sisters2 in the following manner-- "That boy will surely be the cause of bringing my gray hairs with sorrow down to the grave." As she said them words, I rose and went to the door, and giving a genteel rap, my mother bade me enter. I opened the door and went in and saw the scoalding tears come a rushing down my mother cheeks. She order me off to bed, where I turned in and slept away the gloomy hours of the night. It was a long time after breakfast before I arose and went down stairs. There sat my mother with her needle and thread, all alone, while my brothers and sister were gone off to school. My mother now took me into the bedroom, and with all the affection and the tears of a mother she talk to me in the following manner-- "My son, I see since your father has been dead that you are beginning to cause me a great deal of trouble. Remember that if you follow the paths of sin that you will surely come to some bad and awful end." With these and many other words of instruction did my mother try to bring up before my mind and to implant the truths of religion in my heart. She then gave me a severe whipping and sent me off to school. On my way to school I met several boys who ask me to join their company that day, that they was goin' to have some fun. I stuff my book into my pocket and joined their company--but alas that day's fun proved the dearest fun to me than ever I witness before in my life, for we were no sooner together before we jump over into a man's orchard and cut down several of his fruit trees and made our way for the city. It was three days afterwards before my mother found it out. The farmer came up to my mother's House and informed her all about the deed. My mother bursted out in a full flood of tears and predicted that if I went on in this way, regardless of my father's dying advice, that I would one day or another become the felon of a cell, and that it would be better for me if I was laying in my grave aside of my father. As she uttered those sacred words and the name of my father, the prayers, the blessing, and the advice of my dying father all sprung up afresh into my mind. My mother told the farmer that I should be punished right on the spot for the deed, that she wouldn't allow her children to destroy other folks' property if she knew it. As she said these words, she took a rawhide from the mantelpiece and ordered me to strip off my coat. I jump for the ax that stood behind the door and, raising it at my mother's head, told her if she struck me one blow with that rawhide that I would sliver her brains out on the floor. The old farmer arose to take the ax from my hand, to which I threw it at him with all my might, which left a deep cut in his leg. I then ran out the door and went into the city and was gone from Home three days. Chapter III 'Twas a wet drizzly day in the month of July as I was strolling the street, and had been gone from Home three days, that the heavy hand of a constable was laid upon me to restore me back to my mother. As I went along through the streets, I was stared at by every one that went along. Shivering with the wet and cold and pinched with hunger, I soon gain the threshold of my mother's cottage door, covered with rags and dirt. There sat a rich old farmer in the House who lived out to Avon Springs, ready to take me away. Oh how I wept, how I cried, how I beg my mother not to let me be separated away from her. With what fair and faithful promises did I make to my mother for the time to come, if she would only let me stay with her at Home. My promises, my tears availed me nothing. My mother had firmly made up her mind that I should be sent from a city life and live a country life. After striking a bargain with the old country hound, the day was appointed to which I was to start for the country. My mother wash me and gave me something to eat and then took a bed cord and made my hands and feet fast to keep me in custody until Mr. Lad (for that was the farmer's name) came after me.3 At night my mother unloosed me and sent me off up stairs to bed, taking good care to lock the door to keep me safe. The next morning before my mother was up my youngest sister came up stairs and told me that the farmer would be after me that day at ten o'clock, and that mother had got my Sunday clothes ready for me to put on. She advise me not to stir a step with him, for if I did I should never see my Home nor her again. The tears came from my sister eyes as she said those words to me. The call of my mother soon brought her from my bed side, telling her to make haste and get the House cleaned up, for she expected Mr. Lad along very soon. My mother then called me up and wash me from head to foot, put a new suite of clothes on me which I use to wear Sundays. While my mother was getting me ready, I casted my eyes out of the window and saw a splendid carriage driving up to the door. "Wonder who is there!" exclaimed my sister in an angry tone. "Why, it Mr. Lad and his daughter," said my mother with a smile. The horses was made fast at the fence and the carriage flung open, while my mother stood ready to take the hand of a beautiful country female to help her from the carriage. There me and my sister stood in the door, both bathe in tears. The country girl made a low bow to my sister, to which she got an ugly sour look for her compliment. My mother then took me into the bedroom, and kneeling down she implored the blessing of the almighty to go with me and be with me, to protect me and to be the guide of my youth. She then arose, a putting a pocket bible into my hand, beg me to read it and to take it as the man of my counsel, and that if I obeyed it precepts, it would do me good in after life. There me and my sister stood, hand in hand, bathe in tears of grief and sorrow. My mother then imprinted a kiss on my cheek and told Mr. Lad that I was now all ready to start. As the old man and his daughter arose, my sister told me not to stir from the House one step, that she would protect me. By this time my elder brother came in and, seeing me and my sister bathe in tears, could not bear to witness the scene of separation and the grief and sorrow between me and my sister. "Are you goin' to take my brother away?" exclaimed my sister. "Yes," said the countryman. "By whose authority?" said my brother. "We will give you to understand," said my sister, "that he is not a goin' with you." "Who knows," said my brother, "but what he is goin' into the hands of some slave holder?" "Not at all!" exclaimed the country girl. "His work will be easy and light, and at the end of every three months he may return Home." My mother all this time during the conversation stood on the floor with one hand up to her face, not knowing what to say. "I suppose, mother," said my sister, "that you think it hard to see your children arising up and interfering in your business." "I do," said my mother. "The city will surely spoil that boy if he stays Home." "Unless that man can prove before me by good and substantial witnesses that he is no slave holder," said my brother, "he can't go one step with him." "I think it proper," said my sister, "that we should know where he is goin' and into whose hands he is goin' into, and I think my mother has taken a very improper course in this matter, and I think it my duty as a sister to interfere into this matter, before our brother is torn from his Home." "Well," said Mr. Lad, "I live out to Avon Springs, and it is getting quite late in the day, and I have twenty miles to go. I would like to have the boy, for he looks like a smart boy." The old man whispered something into my mother ear and drove off without me. Early the next morning, the tramp of horses and the rattling of a carriage was heard at the door. Peeping out of the window, I saw Mr. Lad and his daughter standing at the gate. He had a new pair of shoes into his hand, while his daughter held a new cap in her left hand. He had bought those things for me for inducement, to get me to go Home with him. As he entered the door, he said that he was in a hurry and ask me if I had made up my mind to go Home with him. I told him that I would let him know in a few minutes. I then left him and called my sister out of doors and talk the matter over with her, to which she consented I should go, providing that I should be sent Home every three months. The bargain being struck, the old farmer drove off with his prize, and I soon found myself seated under the roof of a lordly mansion at Avon Springs. Chapter IV 'Twas in the year of 1833 that my troubles commenced. I now found myself under the roof of a new Home at Avon Springs. With a sad and a heavy heart I went out under the wood shed, and seating myself on a pile of wood, I began to repent that ever I had left the Home of my nativity, while ten thousand thoughts came pouring into my breast, with fond recollections of those brothers and sisters at Home, of the advice of my dying father, the tears which my sister shed before I left my Home, the prayer which my mother had offered up the day before I left. After pondering over those things with deep feelings, I drew the little pocket bible which my mother had given me before I left Home from my pocket, and there I saw the handwriting of my mother, and the little prayer which she had wrote there for me to learn. After reading a few of its contents I closed the little book, and have never open it from that day to this, but still my mother's handwriting still stands against me--the prayer, the tears, the griefs and her sorrows. Excerpted from The Life and the Adventures of a Haunted Convict by Austin Reed All rights reserved by the original copyright owners. Excerpts are provided for display purposes only and may not be reproduced, reprinted or distributed without the written permission of the publisher.